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(2021) 22:899 Sun et al. BMC Genomics doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-08213-wRESEARCHOpen AccessTranscriptome comparative analysis of ovarian follicles reveals the key genes and signaling pathways implicated in hen egg productionXue Sun1,two, Xiaoxia Chen1,2, Jinghua Zhao1,two, Chang Ma1,2, Chunchi Yan1,two, Simushi Liswaniso1,two, Rifu Xu1,two and Ning Qin1,2Abstract Background: Ovarian follicle improvement plays an important function in determination of poultry egg production. The follicles in the a variety of developmental stages possess their very own distinct molecular genetic characteristics and have different biological roles in chicken ovary improvement and function. Inside the every stage, numerous genes of follicle-specific expression and biological pathways are involved inside the vary-sized follicular improvement and physiological events. Identification with the pivotal genes and signaling pathways that manage the follicular development is useful for understanding their exact regulatory functions and molecular mechanisms underlying egg-TIP60 Storage & Stability laying traits of laying hens. Outcomes: The comparative mRNA transcriptomic analysis of ovarian follicles at three important developmental stages which includes slow α9β1 Purity & Documentation growing white follicles (GWF), little yellow follicles (SYF) of recruitment into the hierarchy, and differentiated big yellow follicles (LYF), was accomplished in the layers with reduced and higher egg production. Entirely, 137, 447, and 229 of up-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and 99, 97, and 157 of down-regulated DEGs inside the GWF, SYF and LYF follicles, such as VIPR1, VIPR2, ADRB2, and HSD17B1 were identified, respectively. In addition, NDUFAB1 and GABRA1 genes, two most promising candidates potentially related with egg-laying performance had been screened out in the 13 co-expressed DEGs within the GWF, SYF and LYF samples. We further investigated the biological effects of NDUFAB1 and GABRA1 on ovarian follicular development and found that NDUFAB1 promotes follicle improvement by stimulating granulosa cell (GC) proliferation and decreasing cell apoptosis, increases the expression of CCND1 and BCL-2 but attenuates the expression of caspase-3, and facilitates steroidogenesis by enhancing the expression of STAR and CYP11A1. In contrast, GABRA1 inhibits GC proliferation and stimulates cell apoptosis, decreases the expression of CCND1, BCL-2, STAR, and CYP11A1 but elevates the expression of caspase-3. Additionally, the three vital signaling pathways which include PPAR signaling pathway, cAMP signaling pathway and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction had been significantly enriched, which could play vital roles in ovarian follicle growth, differentiation, follicle selection, and maturation.Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] Xue Sun and Xiaoxia Chen contributed equally to this work. two Division of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technologies, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China Complete list of author facts is out there in the end in the articleThe Author(s) 2021. Open Access This article is licensed beneath a Inventive Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, so long as you give appropriate credit for the original author(s) and the supply, present a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if adjustments had been produced. The pictures or