Two horizontal ones.In this condition, all rectangles have been either in green or red colour in order that the choice had to become determined by orientation.A circle cue marked the HM condition and indicated that the positions of all four upcoming rectangles had to be memorized.The memory array was followed by a delay and then by a probe stimulus (gray dot) to which participants had to choose by button press together with the index or middle finger of their suitable hand, regardless of whether the probe location had been occupied by a target stimulus in the preceding memory array or not.When the probe stimulus was not within the position of a target, it was either on a position adjacent to a target or, in case distractors had been presented, with equal probability on a distractor position.The required responses (yes or no) were distributed evenly across all trials.Subjects completed six runs trials ( trials in total) with 1 run lasting min.At the starting of each run, an instruction was shown that indicated which with the two rectangle colors was relevant for the upcoming run of trials.In half with the runs, participants had to attend the red rectangles, in the other half in the runs they had to attend the green rectangles.This was accomplished to prevent a attainable color bias.Just before participating inside the principal experiment, all participants completed one particular short practice session ( trials) outside the scanner.Stimuli had been presented against a gray background (luminance .cd m).Cue stimuli (.were presented .above a fixation cross that was placed within the center (.from side, .from leading) in the PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21453130 screen.Memory and probe stimuli appeared inside fourteen job irrelevant placeholder squares (size .arranged within a circle (diameter .minimum difference squares .center to center).Every memory array contained two horizontal and two vertical rectangles (size .which appeared in four in the placeholder squares.The memory stimuli consisted of two green and two red, 4 red or four green rectangles (luminance red cd m; green cd m).The probe stimuli contained a gray square (size .which appeared in one of the placeholder squares.The instruction cues had been presented for .s and had been followed by a delay of .or .s.The memory array was presented for .s and was followed by a delay of .or .s.All trials ended with a probe stimulus that lasted for .s and was followed by a delay of .or .s.Behavioral data analysisWe calculated storage and filter scores in the hit prices.Variations in between performance in the LL and HM condition are referred to as storage score with significant values indicating impairment with increasing memory load, that’s, a storage deficit.The filter score was assessed by calculating the distinction between the LL and the HF condition.In the case of distractors being unnecessarily stored (filtering deficit), performance within the HF condition really should be low major to a greater filter score.This subtracting procedure eliminates attainable baseline differences in performance across groups (Baier et al).An ANOVA was carried out on filter and storage scores, such as the amongst aspect sequence to account for the order of measurement (initial or second session)..fMRI data acquisitionBecause the MR scanner which had been used within the younger group (Siemens Trio) was no longer readily (+)-Viroallosecurinine Bacterial available when information acquisition began inside the elder participants, they had been investigated within a various machine (Siemens Verio) whereby scanning protocols had been kept as comparable as possible.Furthermore, our approach of calculating contrasts within gro.
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