For Jung, the evolution of a person’s religious identity is

For Jung, the evolution of a person’s religious identity is a crucial part of the process of individuation. Although there is little available evidence relating to Tyndall’s childhood and early upbringing– corresponding to the first stage–the early extant letters (dating from his late teens) indicate that he experienced a very close but sometimes tense relationship with his father as he began to move from Jung’s second stage to the third.9 A long letter of July 1852 to the Irish physicist Edward Sabine, who had become his foremost patron among the community of scientists in London, provides further evidence of Tyndall’s relationship to his father. As Sabine had extended the hand of friendship, Tyndall felt obliged to furnish him with `a brief sketch of my life history’, which prompted him to reflect on his father, who had died five years earlier:my father was a poor man, who made a livelihood by selling leather and shoes, during a portion of his life he was a policeman. In these few words I sum up all his shortcomings. IJohn Tyndall’s religionhave nothing more to say against him, for a man of more inflexible integrity and intrinsic truthfulness of heart I have never met.A similar phrase–`an example of inflexible integrity’–also occurs in a later letter in which Tyndall NS-018MedChemExpress NS-018 described his father to a female admirer.11 Thus despite praising his father for his integrity, Tyndall’s addition of the adjective `inflexible’ makes the phrase far more sinister. Whereas integrity is generally considered a human virtue, inflexibility implies a rigidity that can place an immense strain on interpersonal relations. Although Tyndall greatly admired his father, he is portrayed in these two letters as stern and unbending and as having imposed his resolute will on his son. On some issues, especially the importance of integrity and truthfulness and commitment to the Protestant work ethic, Tyndall willingly adopted his father’s outlook. Yet, as will be argued below, he increasingly distanced himself from other aspects of his `inflexible’ upbringing so that, by his mid twenties, he had achieved a high degree of self-awareness as exemplified by the Jungian third stage of individuation. The following examples indicate that by 1848 Tyndall manifested traits associated with Jung’s third stage. Shortly before departing for Marburg he delivered a farewell lecture to the boys at Queenwood College, where he had been teaching.12 In this impressive rhetorical PD168393MedChemExpress PD168393 performance Tyndall urged his young audience not to buckle to social convention but to live their lives according to their consciences and to commit themselves to the search for truth. `Truth’, he insisted, `is not a thing built upon human institutions; to set the matter right the architecture must be reversed. Truth is independent of human action.’ He then turned to the Bible for inspiration; biblical texts, he asserted, `are to my mind by far the most valuable literary commodity that we possess’. His chosen text was 1 Corinthians 2:15: `He that is spiritual judgeth all things.’13 In the previous verse Paul had postulated the `natural man’ who is cut off from `the Spirit of God’; subsequently, in verse 15, he contrasted this `natural man’ with the person who achieves spiritual awareness by the ability to make moral judgements. Tyndall clearly considered that he was endowed with this spiritual power. Drawing on his reading of the Bible and the romanticism and transcendentalism that he had imbibed primarily from Ca.For Jung, the evolution of a person’s religious identity is a crucial part of the process of individuation. Although there is little available evidence relating to Tyndall’s childhood and early upbringing– corresponding to the first stage–the early extant letters (dating from his late teens) indicate that he experienced a very close but sometimes tense relationship with his father as he began to move from Jung’s second stage to the third.9 A long letter of July 1852 to the Irish physicist Edward Sabine, who had become his foremost patron among the community of scientists in London, provides further evidence of Tyndall’s relationship to his father. As Sabine had extended the hand of friendship, Tyndall felt obliged to furnish him with `a brief sketch of my life history’, which prompted him to reflect on his father, who had died five years earlier:my father was a poor man, who made a livelihood by selling leather and shoes, during a portion of his life he was a policeman. In these few words I sum up all his shortcomings. IJohn Tyndall’s religionhave nothing more to say against him, for a man of more inflexible integrity and intrinsic truthfulness of heart I have never met.A similar phrase–`an example of inflexible integrity’–also occurs in a later letter in which Tyndall described his father to a female admirer.11 Thus despite praising his father for his integrity, Tyndall’s addition of the adjective `inflexible’ makes the phrase far more sinister. Whereas integrity is generally considered a human virtue, inflexibility implies a rigidity that can place an immense strain on interpersonal relations. Although Tyndall greatly admired his father, he is portrayed in these two letters as stern and unbending and as having imposed his resolute will on his son. On some issues, especially the importance of integrity and truthfulness and commitment to the Protestant work ethic, Tyndall willingly adopted his father’s outlook. Yet, as will be argued below, he increasingly distanced himself from other aspects of his `inflexible’ upbringing so that, by his mid twenties, he had achieved a high degree of self-awareness as exemplified by the Jungian third stage of individuation. The following examples indicate that by 1848 Tyndall manifested traits associated with Jung’s third stage. Shortly before departing for Marburg he delivered a farewell lecture to the boys at Queenwood College, where he had been teaching.12 In this impressive rhetorical performance Tyndall urged his young audience not to buckle to social convention but to live their lives according to their consciences and to commit themselves to the search for truth. `Truth’, he insisted, `is not a thing built upon human institutions; to set the matter right the architecture must be reversed. Truth is independent of human action.’ He then turned to the Bible for inspiration; biblical texts, he asserted, `are to my mind by far the most valuable literary commodity that we possess’. His chosen text was 1 Corinthians 2:15: `He that is spiritual judgeth all things.’13 In the previous verse Paul had postulated the `natural man’ who is cut off from `the Spirit of God’; subsequently, in verse 15, he contrasted this `natural man’ with the person who achieves spiritual awareness by the ability to make moral judgements. Tyndall clearly considered that he was endowed with this spiritual power. Drawing on his reading of the Bible and the romanticism and transcendentalism that he had imbibed primarily from Ca.