Low control values (p = 0.035). Ghrelin was 35 higher at baseline in cases

Low control values (p = 0.035). Ghrelin was 35 higher at baseline in cases 68181-17-9 site compared with controls (1579 pcg/ml vs 1166 pcg/ml, p = 0.002) and declined with treatment, decreasing 22 by treatment day 30 (p,0.0001). Baseline resistin in cases was approximately twice that of controls (36843 pcg/ml vs 18486 pcg/ml, p,0.001), and declined approximately 40 during each treatment interval (Table 1, Figure 1).ResultsBetween January and June of 2009, 41 cases and 82 controls were evaluated. There was no significant difference in age or sex between the case and control groups 11967625 (Table 1). Of the 41 cases, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated by MODS in 38 instances. INH SPI1005 custom synthesis mono-resistance was detected in 2 of these, and the remaining cases were pan-sensitive. Three specimens failed to grow in MODS. As these three cases were smear-positive, we believe this represented laboratory complications rather than true negatives. However, to ensure this did not alter our results we ran the below analyses both with and without those three cases, and there were no significant differences in main outcomes. Of the 41 cases, four were lost to follow-up and two developed drug reactions and were excluded from the study after the first visit. Thirty-five cases are therefore included in our complete analysis. Per Bolivian National TB Control Program guidelines, all included cases underwent repeat sputum smear analysis after 60 days of treatment and were AFB negative.Predictors of AppetiteIn univariate linear regression analysis examining all lab variables, PYY was the strongest predictor of appetite in cases. No other hormones were significant predictors across multiple time points. PYY was a marker of poor prognosis for appetite gain during treatment, with abnormally high levels of PYY predicting a significantly smaller appetite gain than a PYY within the normal range (1.6 unit increase vs 3.7 unit increase, p = .06). No other variables achieved a p-value under 0.2 to explain changes in appetite. Among cases, appetite was negatively correlated with PYY across all time points, which indicates that a decline in PYY corresponded to an increase in appetite (Figure 2a). The correlation remained a strong trend but no longer reached significance when p-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons (p = 0.07, 0.29, and 1.0 for treatment days 0, 30, and 60 respectively).Appetite and Nutritional StatusBaseline appetite was lower in cases than in controls (p,0.001) and improved rapidly during treatment. Mean appetite scale in cases rose 17 from baseline to day 30, at which point mean appetite of cases reached that of the control group. Similarly, baseline BMI and BF were lower in cases than in controls (p,0.001) and improved during treatment, though remained lower than controls by treatment day 60 (Table 1).Predictors of Nutritional StatusHigh PYY was an indicator of poor prognosis for BF gain during treatment, with baseline PYY above the normal range predicting significantly smaller increase in BF compared to lowTable 1. Appetite, Nutritional Status, and Hormones Over Time in Patients Receiving Treatment for Pulmonary TB.VariablesControls (n = 82)Cases Day 1 (n = 41) 34 (29,38) 24/17 12 (11.4, 12.8) 20.7 (19.5, 21.9) 21.8 (19.4, 24.1) 164.6 (129, 200) 3.2 (1.8, 4.7) 1579 (1367, 1791) Day 30 (n = 35) ??14.2 (13.3, 15.1) 21.2 (20.0, 22.3) 22.6 (20.1, 25.0) 90.9 (66.8, 115) 5.0 (2.9, 7.1) 1237 (1070, 1403) Day 60 (n = 35) ??14.7 (14.1, 15.6) 21.7 (20.5, 22.9) 24.6 (22.2, 27.0).Low control values (p = 0.035). Ghrelin was 35 higher at baseline in cases compared with controls (1579 pcg/ml vs 1166 pcg/ml, p = 0.002) and declined with treatment, decreasing 22 by treatment day 30 (p,0.0001). Baseline resistin in cases was approximately twice that of controls (36843 pcg/ml vs 18486 pcg/ml, p,0.001), and declined approximately 40 during each treatment interval (Table 1, Figure 1).ResultsBetween January and June of 2009, 41 cases and 82 controls were evaluated. There was no significant difference in age or sex between the case and control groups 11967625 (Table 1). Of the 41 cases, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated by MODS in 38 instances. INH mono-resistance was detected in 2 of these, and the remaining cases were pan-sensitive. Three specimens failed to grow in MODS. As these three cases were smear-positive, we believe this represented laboratory complications rather than true negatives. However, to ensure this did not alter our results we ran the below analyses both with and without those three cases, and there were no significant differences in main outcomes. Of the 41 cases, four were lost to follow-up and two developed drug reactions and were excluded from the study after the first visit. Thirty-five cases are therefore included in our complete analysis. Per Bolivian National TB Control Program guidelines, all included cases underwent repeat sputum smear analysis after 60 days of treatment and were AFB negative.Predictors of AppetiteIn univariate linear regression analysis examining all lab variables, PYY was the strongest predictor of appetite in cases. No other hormones were significant predictors across multiple time points. PYY was a marker of poor prognosis for appetite gain during treatment, with abnormally high levels of PYY predicting a significantly smaller appetite gain than a PYY within the normal range (1.6 unit increase vs 3.7 unit increase, p = .06). No other variables achieved a p-value under 0.2 to explain changes in appetite. Among cases, appetite was negatively correlated with PYY across all time points, which indicates that a decline in PYY corresponded to an increase in appetite (Figure 2a). The correlation remained a strong trend but no longer reached significance when p-values were adjusted for multiple comparisons (p = 0.07, 0.29, and 1.0 for treatment days 0, 30, and 60 respectively).Appetite and Nutritional StatusBaseline appetite was lower in cases than in controls (p,0.001) and improved rapidly during treatment. Mean appetite scale in cases rose 17 from baseline to day 30, at which point mean appetite of cases reached that of the control group. Similarly, baseline BMI and BF were lower in cases than in controls (p,0.001) and improved during treatment, though remained lower than controls by treatment day 60 (Table 1).Predictors of Nutritional StatusHigh PYY was an indicator of poor prognosis for BF gain during treatment, with baseline PYY above the normal range predicting significantly smaller increase in BF compared to lowTable 1. Appetite, Nutritional Status, and Hormones Over Time in Patients Receiving Treatment for Pulmonary TB.VariablesControls (n = 82)Cases Day 1 (n = 41) 34 (29,38) 24/17 12 (11.4, 12.8) 20.7 (19.5, 21.9) 21.8 (19.4, 24.1) 164.6 (129, 200) 3.2 (1.8, 4.7) 1579 (1367, 1791) Day 30 (n = 35) ??14.2 (13.3, 15.1) 21.2 (20.0, 22.3) 22.6 (20.1, 25.0) 90.9 (66.8, 115) 5.0 (2.9, 7.1) 1237 (1070, 1403) Day 60 (n = 35) ??14.7 (14.1, 15.6) 21.7 (20.5, 22.9) 24.6 (22.2, 27.0).